Like his father Mahmud II, he was an advocate of reforms and was lucky enough to have the support of progressive viziers such as Mustafa Reşit Pasha, Mehmet Emin Ali Paşa and Fuad Pasha. Like Abdülaziz who succeeded him, he was interested in literature and classical music. Ībdulmejid received a European education and spoke fluent French, the first sultan to do so. His mother was his father's first wife in 1839, Valide Sultan Bezmiâlem, originally named Suzi (1807–1853), either a Circassian or Georgian slave. For this achievement, one of the Imperial anthems of the Ottoman Empire, the March of Abdulmejid, was named after him.Ībdulmejid in his youth, by David Wilkie, 1840.Ībdulmejid was born on 25 April 1823 at the Beşiktaş Sahil Palace or at the Topkapı Palace, both in Istanbul. In the following Congress of Paris on 30 March 1856, the Ottoman Empire was officially included among the European family of nations.Ībdulmejid's biggest achievement was the announcement and application of the Tanzimat (reorganization) reforms which were prepared by his father and effectively started the modernization of the Ottoman Empire in 1839. He tried to forge alliances with the major powers of Western Europe, namely the United Kingdom and France, who fought alongside the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War against Russia. Abdulmejid wanted to encourage Ottomanism among secessionist subject nations and stop rising nationalist movements within the empire, but despite new laws and reforms to integrate non- Muslims and non-Turks more thoroughly into Ottoman society, his efforts failed.
His reign was notable for the rise of nationalist movements within the empire's territories. Abdulmejid I ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد المجيد اول, romanized: Abdülmecîd-i evvel, Turkish: Birinci Abdülmecid 25 April 1823 – 25 June 1861), was the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839.
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